PAUD4409 KURIKULUM PAUD. MKDU4107 BAHASA INGGRIS 1. MKDU4110 BAHASA INDONESIA. MKDU4111 PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN. MKDU4222 AGAMA KRISTEN. MKDU4223 PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KHATOLIK. MKDK4001 PENGANTAR PENDIDIKAN. IDIK4008 PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS. Download Soal Ujian Semester Universitas Terbuka UT Lengkap. Silahkan baca artikel Download Soal. Perlengkapan yang harus dibawa saat Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS) 2011.1 Buat teman-teman mahasiswa UT Non Pendas untuk semester pertama dan juga untuk teman-teman yang sudah lama, jadwal UAS 2011.1 akan jatuh pada tanggal 8 dan 15 mei 2011, Tim hipodermik.blogspot.com.
1 ISBN: PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Improving Human Resources Quality Through Research and Development in the Era of AFTA SERAMBI MEKKAH UNIVERSITY BANDA ACEH, JULY 2015 2 PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Improving Human Resources Quality Through Research and Development in the Era of AFTA, SERAMBI MEKKAH UNIVERSITY Keynote Speakers Editor:: 1. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusoff University Utara Malaysia 2.
Mucayit Auci Turkey 3. Ridwan Ibrahim, M. Provincial Program Coordinator USAID PRIORITAS 4. Djamaluddin Idris, M. Ed (Islamic State University of Aceh) 1. University Utara Malaysia, Dr. Subhan, M.Si 2.
Serambi Mekkah University, Dr. Muhammad Usman, M.Pd 3. Serambi Mekkah University, Dr. Razali Abdullah, M.Pd 4. Serambi Mekkah University, Syaifuddin Yana, ST., MM., M.Si 5. Serambi Mekkah University, Eka Marya, ST., MT 6.
Serambi Mekkah University, Vera Viena, ST., MT 7. Serambi Mekkah University, Sari Wardani, ST., MT 8. Serambi Mekkah University, Farnila Abbas, S. Serambi Mekkah University, Ibrahim Randell Champions, MBA Head of Organizing Committee: Musriadi, SPd., M.Pd Vice of Organizing Committee: Drs. Yulsafli, MA Secretary of Organizing Committee: Jalaluddin, S.Pd., M.Pd Cover Design and Layout: Serambi Mekkah University Team Publisher: Serambi Mekkah University, Banda Aceh Address: Tgk. Imum Lueng Bata Batoh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Phone:;; Wesite: Banda Aceh, Indonesia July, 30 th 2015 3 ii 4 Welcome Message From Rector In the name of Serambi Mekkah University, I would like to welcoming for you all, especially for our guest, keynote spekers, presenters, and all participants. We are so glad you are all to be here in Serambi Mekkah University in International Conference.
This international conference is taken place on campus of Serambi Mekkah University Banda Aceh city, Aceh Province. The title of the international conference is Improving Human Resource Quality Through Research and Development in the Area of AFTA, Banda Aceh, July 29-30, This international conference would also follow by more than 40 presenters that they would take place to presentage various of field study. There are four major field of study would be discussed in this confenrence that are: Sciences and Engineering, Natural Sciences, Applied Social Sciences and Social and Educational. With this international conference, we do hope it will give benefit and a prospective for future science development especially Serambi Mekkah University future academic development, and also we do hope this event is not only a single event but it will have another international events which will be held with broad perspective of new field studies. On behalf of Serambi Mekkah University, I would like to express my sincere thanks and wishes to organizers and participants of conference and I hope that we can learn much and sharing our knowledge and also develop our skill quality through this event. Thank you for joining us to this event.
I hope all of participants will take opportunity to enjoy this conference and have sweet memories in joining with this confenrence. Banda Aceh, July, 29th, 2015 Rector, Serambi Mekkah University Dr. Abdul Gani Asyik, MA iii 5 iv 6 Welcome from Organizing Committee It is a great pleasure to welcome delegations of Serambi Mekkah University of International Conference The international conference is a part of Serambi Mekkah University calender. This international conference take place on campus of Serambi Mekkah University, Banda Aceh city. There are more than 40 articles in four parallel sessions, four articles will be read by keynote speakers. Four parallel sessions are sciences and engineering, natural sciences, (applied) social science and educational perspective. Invited speakers are Prof.
Nurahimah Mohd. Yusoff from Universiy Utara malaysia, Mr. Mucayit Auci, from Turkey, from Provincial Program Coordinator USAID PRIORITAS, Drs.
Ridwan Ibrahim, M. Djamaluddin Idris, M. Kopertis Coordinator Region XIII Banda Aceh. The topic of this internationa conference is Improving Human Resources Quality Through Research and Development in the Era of AFTA 2015, held by Serambi Mekkah University Banda Aceh. I would like to thanks to all of committee members for the hard work, time and effort in organizing this conference. Also, I would like to thanks to all of our partners for their generous support and contribution in great long-term cooperation and find the solutions for long term coorporation. Banda Aceh, July 2015 Head of Committee Musriadi, S.
Pd., M.Pd v 7 vi 8 Table of Contents 1. MATERIALS BARRIER TESTING DESIGNED IN RFID SYSTEMS BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER ARDUINO ATTENDANCE SYSTEM Dedi Satria 1, Syaifuddin Yana POTENTIAL OF COCONUT SHELL AND COFFEE WASTE IN ACEH PROVINCE AS RAW MATERIAL ACTIVATED CARBON: A REVIEW Eka Marya Mistar 1, Tata Alfatah OPTIMIZATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT BASED ON VALUE ENGINEERING Hafnidar A. 15 RFID is a technology that uses radio frequency as the automatic identification of an object. RFID can be seen as one way of labeling an object explicitly with the use of computer equipment.
In other words, RFID is a data capture technology that can be used electronically to identify, track and store information stored in RFID tags 4. According to Ahson 1 that the advantages of RFID with Barcode is a unique identifier in the RFID can serve as a pointer to the entry database that stores a lot of transaction history for individual items and RFID can be read without line-of-sight contact and without placement precision. RFID reader can scan the RFID tag as many as hundreds per second.
Meanwhile, according to Bhudtani 2 that in broad outline, an RFID system consists of three main components: tags, readers and databases (as shown in Figure 1). In summary, the mechanism of action that occurs in an RFID system is that a reader radio frequency scanning of the data stored in the tag, and then sends the information to a database that stores the data contained in the tag.
The main components of an RFID system can be seen in Figure 1. Kartu RFID Reader RFID Basis Data Figure 1. Main Components An RFID System An RFID tag or transponder, comprising a microchip and an antenna, (as shown in Figure 2). Microchip itself can be as small as a grain of sand, about 0.4 mm. The chips store a unique serial number or other information depending on the type of memory.
![Perlengkapan ujian semester ut paud tapes Perlengkapan ujian semester ut paud tapes](/uploads/1/2/5/5/125598939/444481569.jpg)
![Ujian Ujian](/uploads/1/2/5/5/125598939/901220309.png)
The type of memory itself can be read-only, read-write, or write-once read-many. An antenna installed on a microchip sends information to the RFID reader. Usually indicated by the magnitude of the reading range of the antenna. Larger antenna indicating further reading range. The tag is attached or embedded in the object to be identified. Tags can be scanned with a moving or stationary RFID reader.
Tag RFID or Transponder 2. 16 According to Milles 4 that for the proper functioning of the RFID system, it would require a reader or scanning tool that can read the tags correctly and communicating the results to an existing database. A reader using their own antennae to communicate with tags.
When the reader emits radio waves, all the tags are designed in such frequency as well as being in the range of reading will give you a response. A reader can also communicate with the tag without a direct line of sight, depending on the radio frequency and type of tag (active, passive or semipasif) used. Reader can process many items at once. According to its shape, the reader may be a handheld reader to move such equipment, or stationary equipment such as point-of-sale in supermarkets. Reader distinguished by its storage capacity, processing capability, and frequency can be read. Inside there is a reader who works as an antenna chip reader. One chip that is often used is the chip ID-12 Innovations as shown in Figure 3.
ID-12 Innovations Device as Reader RFID 2. Methodology RFID reader manufacture utilizing IC ID-12. RFID circuit can be seen as Figure 4 below. Output on the circuit will be connected to the Arduino Uno microcontroller system by utilizing Port RXD as the output of the RFID circuit. This pin will be used as a data transmission path is read from the tag. Way communication with the RFID circuit microcontroller is serially, meaning the delivery bit-by-bit data performed alternately follow a particular clock cycle. The series of RFID Systems 3.
Material and Method Materials used in the reasearch: a. Tofu wastewater from local Tofu Industry Solo Banda Aceh b.
Water hyacinth as biosorption media, collected from freshwater ponds nearby campus Serambi Mekkah University. Aquadest as solvent.
Research Procedure: a. Pre-study on characteristics of tofu wastewater, COD; TSS; ph; color before given any biosorption treatment. Prepared bioreactor from acrylics and the tofu wastewater was filled into 100 L bioreactor, and then water hyacinth were planted for covering the water surface 50% of the area. Wastewater content was analized everyday for 9 days cycle, taken 500 ml sampe wastewater routinely to examine the COD, TSS, ph and color changes after treatment process. The wastewater was analized using APHA method (2005). Figure 2.1 Biosorption process of water hyacinth in bioreactor 35 49 The schematics process of the experiment explained in the Figure 2.2 below: Figure 22. Schematics of the experimental procedure 3.
Results and Discussion 3.1 COD Removal Water hyacinth could absorp dissolved nutrients in wastewater through its root. The absorption conducted by roots because there are many microorganism simbiotics lived in roots; such as Zoogela ramigera, Pseudomonas, Alcaligens, Bacillus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Bacterium (Widowati, 2000). Based on prior research, most of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal has range from 60 to 99%.
This study shown a 79,75% removal of COD from tofu wastewater used. Biosorption treatment process using water hyacinth could reduce COD from 2880 mg/l to 583 mg/l, while without treatment COD removal only 21% or reduction process from 2880 mg/l to 2275 mg/l. The COD removal could happened because organics matter in tofu wastewater has been absorped by water hyacinth through photosinthesis process and metabolism process that uses nutrien from tofu as their feedstock.
The percentage of COD removal in tofu wastewater shown in Figure. 50 Figure3.1 Percentage of COD removal in tofu wastewater. The tofu waswater content after biofiltration treatment using water hyacinth has been reduced into 79,75%. This mean that tofu wastewater prior treatment was under Standar Quality of COD referred e.i 100 mg/l for Type I and 300mg/L for Type II. While after biofiltration treatment process the wastewater nearly reach the Standard Quality Type II, after 9 days biofiltration using water hyacinth. 3.2 TSS Removal Percentage of TSS removal in tofu wastewater for 9 days treatment cycles, presented in Figure 3.2 Percentage of TSS removal in tofu wastewater represent the decreasing concentration of TSS within 8 days reaching 41 mg/l (83,6%) using water hyacinth, while the treatment without water hyacinth shown the decreasing reach 94 mg/l or 62,4% removal. This data proved that TSS concentration in tofu wastewater after biofiltration treatment with or without water hyacinth has met standard quality referred by Environmental Department year (No.
Kep 51/MENLH/10/1995). Figure 3.2 Percentage of TSS Removal in tofu wastewater 37. 51 3.3 ph Removal Percentage of ph changes during the biosorption process by water hyacinth was shown in Figure 3.3 below.
The biosorption process could increace the ph from 3,4 to 6,4, which is more suitable for living organism to use it in metabolism process. Figure 3.3 Percentage of ph changes in tofu watewater. From Figure 3.3, we could see the ph in tofu watewater were changed close to neutral. The percentage of removal a little higher in water hyacinth treatment than without treatment.
The ph changes because most of plants outlet CO2 as product of respiration, and its reuse by water hyacinth for photosinthesis process. Widowati (2000), explained that CO2 reduction because of water hyacinth photosinthesis process will drive the equalibrium reaction to produce product, and this process reduced H + ion (acid) in wastewater into neutral condition. 3.4 Color Removal Normal water didn t have color, looks clear, and no odour. If the water color changed, it is an indication that the water has been polluted. Industrial wastewater that contain high organics and anorganics usually dissolved in water and made the water color changed. Water color differenciate from (1) true color, which come from dissolved matter; and (2) apparent color, which come from suspended mater in water such as colloids.
The percentage of color removal in tofu wastewater after 9 days biosorption treatment presented in Figure 3.4 below. Figure 3.4 Percentage of color removal from tofu watewater 38 52 Figure 3.4 showed the precentage of color removal using biofiltration process of water hyacinth was 72,8% ( decreased from 250 PtCO to 68 PtCO), while natural process without water hyacinth showed the percentage of removal 33,6% (decreased from 250 PtCO to 166 PtCO). This happenend because most of the organics content which form the murky white yellowish color has been removed by metabolism process of water hyacinth through its roots and its evapotraspiration process.
Beside color, tofu wastewater also form a bad odour for aesthetics after few days degradation process. The odour aroused from tofu wastewater also could be reduced by biosorption process using water hyacinth or other water plants. Conclusions Based on the research conducted, we concluded that: 1.
The use of water hyacinth as biosorption media in local Banda Aceh tofu wastewater was able to remove the COD concentration from 2880 mg/l to 583 mg/l; TSS concentration from 250 mg/l to 94 mg/l; ph improvement from 3,4 to 6,4 nearly neutral; and color change from 250 PtCO to 75 PtCO. The percentage of removal was higher in water hyacinth treatment than without hyacinth treatment. Removal eficiency for water hyacinth treatment for each parameter, respectively: COD 72,63%; TSS 19,26%; ph raised to 68,87% and Color changes 50,35%. References APHA 2121-C, 2005, Standard Method for Examination of water and Wastewater. Balai Industri NAD, 1999, Industri Tahu, Provinsi NAD, Banda Aceh. EMDI dan BAPEDAL, 1994, Limbah Cair Berbagai Industri di Indonesia: Sumber, Pengendalian dan Baku Mutu, Project of Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia and Dalhousie University, Canada. Fadholi, 2010, Pembuatan Biogas dari Limbah Tahu, (http;//pembuatan-biogas-darilimbah-tahu,html., diakses 06 April 2013).
Mukhsin, 2002, Pembuatan Hidrogen Peroksida untuk Menurunkan COD Pada Air Limbah Domestik, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam-Banda Aceh. Widowati, H Peranan Tumbuhan Air Sebagai Bioremediator Pencemaran Akibat Kegiatan Industri Batik, Tesis, Fakultas Geografi UGM, Yogyakarta. 39 53 FISH WASTE CONVERSION AS ADSORBENT ON EXTRACTION OF CANANGA ODORATA (YLANG-YLANG FLOWERS) USING ENFLEURAGE METHOD Irhamni 1, Saisa 2, & Dewi Mulyati 3 1 Department Of Environmental Engineering, Serambi Mekkah University, Indonesia Phone Number: Department Of Chemical Engineering, Serambi Mekkah University, Indonesia Phone Number: Department Of Industry Engineering, Serambi Mekkah University, Indonesia Phone Number: ABSTRACT Fish oil is one of nutrients that contain fatty acids, it contains approximately 25% saturated fatty acids and 75% unsaturated fatty acids. In enfleurage method, oil or fat acts as an adsorbent media that will absorb smell of ylang-ylang flowers.
The aims of research is to study the production process in essential oil in particular ylang-ylang oil using enfleurage method. The production process of fatty fish is prepared by collecting waste of tuna and other small fish from the fish markets in the city of Banda Aceh. The fish waste into fish oil produced through the selection phase, washing, grinding, steaming and drying step using the oven for 2 hours at a temperature of 105 C to remove the moisture content up to 18.3%. Drying the fish waste is then performed pressed to obtain oil. Fish oil yield obtained was 50.4%. The process of making fish oil from tuna waste is expected to reduce the environmental pollution of coastal communities who feel disturbed by its odor.
The best yield obtained in extraction time of 60 minutes with a yield of 0.81% on the stirring speed of 200 rpm. Refractive index of best ylang-ylang oil is obtained from to Viscosity and density of Ylang-ylang oil is 5.1 cp and 0.95 g /cm 3, respectively. From chromatogram data using gas chromatrography mass spectrometry (GCMS), the main component of ylang-ylang oil obtained is β-cariophyllen that is equal to 35.98%.While the other component is α-humulene 11,38%, germacrene-d 8,6%, and linalool 5,96%. Keywords: Fish waste, enfleurage, adsorbent, ylang-ylang flowers, essential oil 1. Introduction Kenanga known as the icon and flora identity of Aceh region which has the Latin name Cananga odorata. In Aceh, ylang flowers called 'Bungong Seulanga' Ylang flowers are very fragrant, is included in one of the flowers required in the peusijuek event in Aceh. Ariana (2013) wrote that ylang (Cananga odorata) is the name for a type of flower and tree that produced it.
There are two kind of ylang, namely macrophylla, known as ordinary ylang, and genuina, known as the Philippines or ylang-ylang. In addition, there is also known shrub ylang (Cananga odorata fruticosa), which is widely planted as an ornament on the yard. Nurlaila et al (2008) states that flower is divided into two groups. The first class is a floral with temporary fragrance substances, while the second class is a floral that produces continuously fragrant substances induced processes in the cell life. If theflower is incorporated into the hot oil or fatty ester then the process of living in these cells will be stopped anyway. Conversely when the flowers placed on a fat (without heating), the cells are still alive for some time and fragrant substances emitted into the air will be absorbed by fat. 40 54 The fat which has absorbed the fragrance from ylang ylang flower will produce ylang oil through several stages of the process.
Ylang oil can be extracted with enfleurage process. Enfleurage is the process of making essential oils to use fat as an adsorbent which has been saturated with the scent of flowers. Use enfleurage techniques for the production of flower oil has been reported to increase the oil yield up to 4-5 times larger than the solvent extraction or refining method. The success of the enfleurage process depends on the fat quality used and the skill in preparing the fat.
Experience of several years reported that fat cattle and lard (1: 2) is very good for enfleurage process. Aceh is a madani city and the lard forbidden its use in aceh community life that the majority of people is Muslim. So it is necessary to find an alternative to replace the lard.
This research focuses on the utilization of fish waste derived from some markets and shelter fish that were in Banda Aceh, as a source of fat which is used as adsorbent in ylang oil extraction process. With the utilization of fish waste is expected to reduce the environmental pollution issues directly in the form of bad odor if not immediately removed. This research is expected to contribute in the handling of fish waste in the market centers are located in Banda Aceh. Research Method 2.1 Tools and materials The tools used in the study arehot plate, steamer, oven, container, grinders, hydraulic presses machine, perforated basket, separating funnel, Ostwald viscometer, pycnometer, digital scales, and several other glassware.
The materials on the study include: fish wastes, distilled water, activated charcoal, ethanol 70%, and citric acid. 2.2 Fish Waste Preparation Fish waste preparation process includes several stages of the process, namely: a.
Collection b. Steaming 2.3 Fish Oil Production Fish oil is obtained by separating the oil and dry cake through the pressing process. Pressing technique is one of the extraction process to get the oil or grease in the materials of high oil content (30-70%). 2.4 Enfleurage Method A total of 500 grams of fatty fish is mixed with 500 grams of fresh ylang flowers on a glass plate (chassis) at room temperature. Curing process conducted for 7 days with replacement of fresh flowers once every 24 hours.
The mixture is separated. 55 2.5 Alcohol Solvent Extraction with 70% Ylang oil which is mixed with fat and then extracted with 70% alcohol with a stirrer speed of 100, 200, and 300 rpm at a temperature of 60 C with a time variation of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.
2.6 Kenanga Oil Purification Oil purification is done by distillation at a temperature of 78 C, is expected to separate the alcohol will evaporate and as a distillate. 2.7 Yield analysis, Refractive Index and Components analysis The yield of oil from distillation process results will be analyzed viscosity, density, refractive index and ylang oil composition. The instruments used were Ostwald viscometer, pycnometer, refractometer and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Result And Discussions 3.1 Fish Oil Production as Adsorbent in Ylang flower Extraction Fish oil production from fish waste, especially tuna waste that much produced from marine region of Aceh through several stages of the process, namely the collection, sorting, washing, milling and steaming and extraction from steaming results in pressing techniques. Fish oil is obtained by separating the oil and dry cake through the pressing process. Pressing technique is one of the extraction process to get the oil or grease in the materials of high oil content (30-70%). The resulting fish oil yield is 50.4%.
Pressing is done by using a hydraulic pressing machine with a pressure of 2000 pounds / inch2 (140.6 kg / cm = 136 atm). The amount of oil or fat can be extracted depends on the duration of pressing, pressure used, as well as the oil content in the original material. By organoleptic, fish oil produced brownish yellow as shown in Figure 1.
Fish oil and water The resulting filtrate from the pressing process is a mixture of fish oil and water. So we need a separation process using a funnel. Fish oil that has separated heating is then 42 56 performed for 1 hour to evaporate the residual water content is still bound with fish oil. Density and viscosity of fish oil is g/ml (924 kg/l) and 60.1 centipoise.
3.2 Ylang Oil Production Ylang oil production process using enfleurage technique. Enfleurage method is done with the ripening process ylang flowers fresh in the fat (fish oil). The flower oil in saturated fats resulting from the enfleurage called pomade (Lopez, 1999). The flower oil is filtered using filter paper and the extraction process is carried out by using ethanol 70% at a time and stirring speed variation of 60, 90, and 120 minutes as well as 100, 200 and 300 rpm.time and stirring speed is one of the factors that affect the extraction process in this study. The resulting extraction results will continue the process of distillation to purify the ylang oil.
Oil yield Kenanga In the extraction process of the length of extraction time while yield of the resulting higher, this is due to the increasing number of components in contact with each other. Charts the influence of extraction time on the yield of products of distillation As seen in Figure 3.2, the increase in yield occurs at the extraction time of 60 minutes with a yield of 0.81% at stirring speed of 200 rpm, because the mixing speedof 200 rpm has occurred contacting all components with the fat, while the stirring speed of 100 rpm and 300 rpm highest yield obtained in the extraction time of 90 minutes and 120 minutes ie. 0.80% and 0.79%, the yield is lower than 200 rpm for componentsthat into contact with each other are already experiencing saturation with the increasing speed of stirring. The yield of oil from distillation process results will be analyzed viscosity, density, refractive index and ylang oil composition.
Ylang oil sample of distilled is the best extraction sample on operating conditions within 60 minutes with a stirring speed of 100, 200 and 300 rpm. Refractive Index The refractive index ylang oil obtained ranging from to Refractive index obtained in accordance with the criteria of physical properties essential oil on ylang 43 57 flowers according Ketaren (1985) in the amount of to High and low refractive index to determine the value of the material has been mixed with other materials, for example such as water. The caractheristic of water is easy to refract incoming light, but if the value of the refractive index increasingly under standard that means the sitral levels contained in lylang oil is slight.
Besides chemical changes occur like resinification as a result of the polymerization reaction, hydrogenation or isomerization into an ingredient, can cause changes in the value of the refractive index (Fitriana, 2009). Viscosity and Density The viscosity will be determined by using Ostwald viscometer. Ylang oil viscosity obtained is equal to 2.4 to 5.1 centipoise and density of ylang oil are analyzed by pycnometer is equal to from 0.89 to 0.95 g/cm 3. Data Results The chromatograms Ylang oil distilled is yellow with a distinctive aroma of fresh ylang flowers. Ylang oil composition produced was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GCMS).
From the ylang oil chromatogram data obtained four peaks of compounds with the greatest abundance of compounds represented by the fifth summit.spectrogram data obtained fragmentation patterns of each compound. Based on the fragmentation pattern and typical basic peaks so the structure of each compound can be determined. Chromatogram ylang oil on the stirring speedof extraction of 200 rpm for 60 minutes Based on the chromatogram in Figure 3.3 can be seen ylang oil sample components as shown in Table 3.1. The main component of ylang oil obtained is β-kariofilen that is equal to 35.98%. The largest content ylang flower essential oil consisting of linalool, geraniol and eugenol, with a distinctive aroma unwelcome stinging insects (Ketaren 1985). 44 58 Table 1.